Making Time for Science - IELTS Reading Answers

Paragraph 1

Chronobiology is something out-of-the-box thinking inspired by a science fiction novel; moreover – it’s a scope of study regarding one of the ancient processes of life on this planet: short-term time scale and their impact on the existing plants and animals. 

Paragraph 2

It includes many aspects. Sea life, for instance, is based on tidal wave patterns. Animals, on the other hand, seem to be active or inactive mainly due to the placement of the Sun or Moon. Millions of species, including humans, are mostly diurnal – that is, they do most of the activities in the morning. Whereas, nocturnal animals like bats and possums do their activities in the night time. Apart from these two, a third group known as crepuscular, that are active in the lowlight of dawn and always not active during other hours.   

Paragraph 3

For human beings, chronobiologists have more interest in what is called the circadian rhythm. It is a whole cycle of our bodies made to experience within the passage of a full twenty-four hour day. Besides going to sleep at night and wake up in the morning, each cycle includes so many aspects like differences in blood pressure and overall temperature of the body. It is a fact that not all people have the same circadian rhythm. ‘Night people’ for instance, mostly illustrate how they feel it is very difficult to perform in the morning, however, the same people will be alert and active by evening. There is a new type within circadian rhythms called a chronotype.

Paragraph 4

Well, scientists use minimal skills to make measurable modifications of chronobiological requirements. The newly-formed therapeutic advancements for human beings like the artificial light, machines and robots, melatonin administration, and so on can reinvent our circadian rhythms, for instance, our human body can communicate the difference in various ways, and the actual health feels less active when we deviate such natural rhythms for over a period of time. In this context, plants do not become more malleable, research reveals that vegetables grown in different climatic conditions and ripened on the tree have more necessary nutrients and vitamins than those that emerged in greenhouses and ripened by laser.

Paragraph 5

Insights of chronobiological variations may have practical consequences in our everyday life. Here, the modern form of living might seem to subjugate biology – perhaps, who will require circadian rhythms when we have caffeine tablets, energy waters, work shifts and places that never stop working? So being in tandem with our body clock is imperative. 

Paragraph 6

On average, residents in the urban area wake up at 6.04 a.m., which studies show that it is way too early. Likewise, another research found that when residents wake up at 7.00 a.m., they will tend to have a negative impact on health unless they do any workout for at least 30 minutes later.  After considering all these, the best time to wake up is at 7.22 a.m., when residents will have fewer muscle aches, headaches, and mood swings. It is proved based on a study, where respondents reported the same.

Paragraph 7

Once you are up before the alarm rings what’s there to stop then? If you want to lose weight, some dieticians won’t compromise easily, as they mandate breakfast every day. It leads to misorientation of your circadian rhythm and makes your body starve. The suggested step to do is to perform an intense routine workout along with a carbohydrate-filled breakfast; while the other way and weight reduction ended up as not expected.

Paragraph 8

Every morning workout is equally important for breaking out the vitamins stored. In addition to that, adding more supplements to the body is not temporal-dependent, however, the famous naturopath Pam Stone highlights that more amount during breakfast could assist in getting energy to do tasks on that day. To absorb more to the body, Stone recommends additional supplements with a portion of food (mixed and soluble). It must not be with caffeinated beverages. Beyond this, Stones alerts us about taking storage; when you reach the high potency, it’s good for absorption, whereas, warmth and humidity will lead to destroying the potency of a supplement.

Paragraph 9

Post-dinner espressos became like a form of tradition. We must thank the Italian people for bringing it to us. To have a good night’s sleep, we need to stop consuming caffeine as early as 3 p.m. After crossing a seven-hour half-life, a cup of coffee having 90 mg of caffeine consumed during this time might still have 45 mg of caffeine in your body’s nervous system at ten o’clock on the same day evening. It is necessary to remove all traces when you go to bed.

Paragraph 10

Evening times are essential to process the winding down before going to bed. On the contrary, dietician Geraldine Georgeou alerts us that post-five carbohydrate fasting is merely a myth instead of a chronobiological requirement. This will cause deprivation of critical energy from your body. Similarly, when you consume more than enough, it will lead to indigestion. It is important to note that our digestive system does not stop working throughout the night, but it works slowly as our bodies prepare to sleep. Despite all, you can take a moderate snack, which would be highly sufficient.

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Questions (1-7)

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.

To absorb more to the body, 1. __________ recommends additional supplements with a portion of food (mixed and soluble). It must not be with 2. ____________. Beyond this, Stones alerts us about taking storage; when you reach the high potency, it’s good for 3. ____________, whereas, warmth and humidity will lead to destroying the potency of a supplement. Post-dinner 4. _____________ became like a form of tradition. We must thank the 5. ______________ for bringing it to us. To have a good night’s sleep, we need to stop consuming caffeine as early as 3 p.m. After crossing a seven-hour half-life, a cup of coffee having 90 mg of caffeine consumed during this time might still have 45 mg of caffeine in your body’s 6. ____________ at ten o’clock on the same day evening. It is necessary to remove all 7. ____________ when you go to bed.

Answers with explanations (1-7)

1. Stone

References:

From paragraph 6, ‘To absorb more to the body, Stone recommends additional supplements with a portion of food (mixed and soluble).’

Explanation: Pam Stone, a famous naturopath, recommends adding more supplements to the body during breakfast to help get energy to do work. She advises taking additional supplements with a portion of mixed and soluble food, which can help the body absorb more nutrients. 

2. Caffeinated Beverages

References:

From paragraph 6, ‘It must not be with caffeinated beverages. Beyond this, Stones alerts us about taking storage; when you reach the high potency, it’s good for absorption, whereas, warmth and humidity will lead to destroying the potency of a supplement.’

Explanation: According to Pam Stone, adding more supplements to the body during breakfast could assist in getting energy to do tasks. However, it’s important to avoid mixing supplements with caffeinated beverages. 

3. Absorption

References:

From paragraph 6, ‘Beyond this, Stones alerts us about taking storage; when you reach the high potency, it’s good for absorption, whereas, warmth and humidity will lead to destroying the potency of a supplement.’

Explanation: Pam Stone highlights that taking supplements at high potency is good for absorption, and it is important to be mindful of storage to maintain their effectiveness. She highlights that taking supplements at high potency is good for absorption, and it is important to be mindful of storage to maintain their effectiveness.

4. Espressos

References:

From paragraph 7, ‘Post-dinner espressos became like a form of tradition. We must thank the Italian people for bringing it to us.’

Explanation: Post-dinner espressos have become a form of tradition for many people. It’s a way to enjoy a warm, comforting beverage while providing a little energy boost to help you get through the rest of the evening. Some people even believe that the ritual of enjoying an espresso after a meal aids in digestion. 

5. Italian People

References:

From paragraph 7, ‘Post-dinner espressos became like a form of tradition. We must thank the Italian people for bringing it to us.

Explanation: Yes, we should express gratitude to the Italian people for bringing us so many wonderful things like pasta, pizza, gelato, and even some of the greatest works of art in history. Their contributions to our culture and society are immeasurable.

6. Nervous System

References:

From paragraph 7, ’After crossing a seven-hour half-life, a cup of coffee having 90 mg of caffeine consumed during this time might still have 45 mg of caffeine in your body’s nervous system at ten o’clock on the same day evening. It is necessary to remove all traces when you go to bed.’

Explanation: According to research, if you consume a cup of coffee that contains 90 mg of caffeine and wait for seven hours, there will still be 45 mg of caffeine in your nervous system at 10 o’clock in the evening of the same day. This means that caffeine has a half-life of about seven hours in the human body.

7. Traces

References:

From paragraph 7, ‘It is necessary to remove all traces when you go to bed.’

Explanation: Removing all traces before bed is important, as it can help maintain a clean and organised space. This includes cleaning up any dishes, putting away any items that were left out, and wiping down surfaces. 

Questions (8-10)

Match the correct statement with the letter

8. Every day morning exercise is vital for

 
9. Geraldine Georgeou warns us that

10. Diurnal means

1. Carbohydrate-fasting is a myth

2. Do most of the activities in the morning 

3. Indigestion happens when you consume more 

4. breaking out the vitamins

Answers with explanations (8-10)

8. D

References:

From paragraph 6, ‘Every morning workout is equally important for breaking out the vitamins stored.’

Explanation: According to the paragraph, morning workouts are not only a great way to stay fit and healthy but also help to release the vitamins that are stored in our body. Regular exercise can help to boost our immune system, improve our mood, and increase our energy levels throughout the day. 

9. A

References:

From paragraph 8, ‘On the contrary, dietician Geraldine Georgeou alerts us that post-five carbohydrate fasting is merely a myth instead of a chronobiological requirement.’

Explanation: According to Geraldine Georgeou, a dietician, the idea of post-five carbohydrate fasting being a chronobiological requirement is actually a myth. This means that there is no scientific evidence to support the idea that we should avoid carbohydrates after 5 pm to prevent weight gain.Actually, carbohydrates are an important source of energy for our body and should be consumed throughout the day as part of a balanced diet. 

10. B

References:

From paragraph 1, ‘Millions of species, including humans, are mostly diurnal – that is, they do most of the activities in the morning.’

Explanation: According to the above statement, millions of species, including humans, are considered diurnal, which means that they are active during the day and rest at night. This is because our bodies are naturally wired to follow a circadian rhythm, which is our internal biological clock that regulates many of our bodily functions, including sleep and wake cycles. 

Questions (11-13)

Do the following statements agree with the information in Reading Passage?

In boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE                      if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE                    if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN            if there is no information on this

11. Chronobiologists have more interest in what is called the circadian rhythm

12. Plants will become more malleable 

13. The best time to sleep at night is around 7.20 p.m.

Answers with explanations (11-13)

11. TRUE

References:

From paragraph 2, ‘For human beings, chronobiologists have more interest in what is called the circadian rhythm.’

Explanation: According to the passage, chronobiologists are interested in studying the circadian rhythm because of its critical role in maintaining overall health and well-being. By understanding how the circadian rhythm works, researchers can develop new treatments for sleep disorders, improve the timing of drug administration, and even develop new strategies for managing jet lag. Therefore, the answer is True.

12. FALSE

References:

From paragraph 3, ‘In this context, plants do not become more malleable, research reveals that vegetables grown in different climatic conditions and ripened on the tree have more necessary nutrients and vitamins than those that emerged in greenhouses and ripened by laser.’

Explanation: The answer is False because research has shown that vegetables and plants in general can grow differently depending on the climate and environmental conditions in which they are grown. However, even though plants may not become more malleable, they can adapt to their surroundings and respond to changes in their environment. For example, some plants are able to adjust their growth patterns to compensate for changes in temperature, humidity, and light levels. 

13. NOT GIVEN

References:

No reference
Explanation: The answer is Not Given because there is no information provided regarding what is the best time to sleep at night in the passage.

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