Do Professional LOR’s require any stamp from the company?

Do we need to get the lor sealed / stamped or is it not required and can we submit a pdf?

Hello guys, I wish to pursue MS in CS this fall 2022. My academic profile is shown below. Which universities do you guys think I have a good shot at?

- B. Tech in ECE - (10 CGPA -> 4.0 GPA) (1st in university, awarded gold medal, but from I'd say a tier 3 university).

If ( X^a x Y^b x Z^c) equals the product of 154 and 56... (GRE Quant)

If ( X^a x Y^b x Z^c) equals the product of 154 and 56, z > y > x, and a > b > c, then what is the value of (a^X x b^Y x

Which is best paper or computer based IELTS?

Can anyone suggest which mode is better to write ielts? Paper or computer? I have good typing speed.. and I'm comfortabl