What are STEM Degrees: Full Form, Top Courses & Job Scope

STEM stands for Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics. It’s a term that groups together all fields that deal with these four major subjects. It’s used to describe the courses, degrees, and careers that help us solve real-world problems.

Basically, it’s like the Avengers team of education.

And guess what? Job opportunities are growing! In fact, the U.S. The Bureau of Labor Statistics says that STEM jobs are growing at nearly double the rate of non-STEM jobs.

The term “STEM” was first coined by Judith Ramaley when she was an assistant director at the National Science Fund. The term was coined while designing education policies to improve competitiveness in science and technology development. 

STEM degrees focus on developing skills that are highly in demand in today’s world. In short, STEM is all about using science, technology, engineering, and math to change the world for the better. 

When you take a STEM course, you're learning skills that are in high demand worldwide. From biology and physics to computer science and engineering, STEM degrees help you gain practical knowledge that you can apply to real-world challenges.

It is important to note that STEM goes deep into the world of technology. This means that STEM does not include Social Sciences subjects like Psychology and History, which are rather clubbed into Humanities and Arts or business programs. 

Some popular STEM degrees include:

• Computer Science: This STEM degree teaches you how to create software, develop websites, and manage data, all while using technology to solve real-world problems.
• Engineering: It involves designing and building everything from machines to buildings, with various fields like electrical, civil, and mechanical engineering offering exciting career paths.
• Mathematics: Math helps you understand patterns, analyze data, and apply logical thinking, opening doors to careers in areas like statistics, finance, and data science.
• Biology and Life Sciences: Science course in STEM degrees lets you explore the world of living organisms, from cells to ecosystems, preparing you for careers in healthcare, research, and biotechnology.

Choosing STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) courses opens doors to impactful careers and long-term growth.
Here’s why studying STEM is a smart move:

OPT Extension in the USA

STEM graduates in the US can benefit from a 24-month OPT (Optional Practical Training) extension in addition to the standard 12-month OPT. This gives international students up to 3 years of work experience in the US after graduation.

High Demand Across Industries

STEM skills are in high demand across sectors like tech, healthcare, finance, and energy. Employers actively seek STEM graduates for roles that require critical thinking and problem-solving.

Better Earning Potential

STEM careers tend to offer higher-than-average salaries, both at entry level and as professionals grow in their fields.

Global Career Opportunities

STEM qualifications are recognized and respected worldwide, giving graduates flexibility to work in different countries and markets.

STEM degrees are key to building a successful career in today's world. Since 1990 STEM employment has grown 79% (from 9.7 million to 17.3 million), whereas overall employment grew only 34%, which is faster than most other jobs. These fields offer plenty of career opportunities in areas like technology, healthcare, and the environment. 

So, choosing a STEM course means you're stepping into a growing, in-demand field that helps tackle important global challenges.

Let’s take a deeper look into each field and the types of degrees you can pursue in them.

Science

Science degrees offer deep insights into how the world works, from microscopic cells to the vastness of space. You will gain research and problem-solving skills, opening doors to industries like healthcare, environment, and research.

• Biology: Study living organisms and how they interact with each other and their environment.
• Chemistry: Focus on the properties, composition, and reactions of matter, paving the way for careers in pharmaceuticals and research.
• Physics: Understand the fundamental forces and laws of nature, leading to careers in engineering, research, and technology.
• Environmental Science: Dive into the study of ecosystems and environmental issues with a focus on sustainability and conservation.
• Genetics: Explore the science of genes and heredity, leading to careers in biotechnology, medicine, and research.

Technology

Technology degrees focus on the tools, systems, and innovations shaping our world. With technology evolving rapidly, these courses prepare you to stay ahead in fields like cybersecurity, software development, and AI.

• Computer Science: Learn to develop software, create websites, and solve complex tech problems.
• Cybersecurity: Protects information from hackers and data breaches, making it a crucial area in today's tech-driven world.
• Information Technology (IT): Focus on managing systems and networks that store and process data.
• Data Science: Learn how to analyze big data to provide actionable insights for decision-making in various industries.
• Artificial Intelligence (AI): Study the design and development of intelligent systems that can perform tasks like humans, such as speech recognition and robotics.

Engineering

Engineering degrees are for those who love to build, innovate, and make things work. Whether it's designing new products, building infrastructure, or creating cutting-edge technology, engineering is at the core of solving modern-day challenges.

• Mechanical Engineering: Focuses on designing and building machines, engines, and tools that improve everyday life.
• Civil Engineering: Involves the design and construction of infrastructure like roads, bridges, and buildings.
• Electrical Engineering: Deals with the study and application of electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism.
• Chemical Engineering: Combines chemistry and engineering principles to solve problems related to chemicals, energy, and materials.
• Aerospace Engineering: Focuses on designing aircraft and spacecraft, exploring the science of flight.

Mathematics

Mathematics degrees train you to think critically, solve complex problems, and analyze data. A strong foundation in mathematics is crucial for careers in finance, engineering, and technology.

• Pure Mathematics: Study the fundamentals of numbers, structures, and spaces without focusing on real-world applications.
• Applied Mathematics: Focus on using mathematical theories and techniques to solve practical problems in science, engineering, and economics.
• Statistics: Learn to collect, analyze, and interpret data, crucial for fields like economics, healthcare, and sports.
• Actuarial Science: Apply mathematics and statistics to assess financial risks, particularly in insurance and finance.
• Financial Mathematics: Focus on using mathematical models to understand and manage financial markets, pricing, and risk.
  

If you want to study a STEM degree abroad, there are plenty of exciting options available. Many countries are known for their top-quality STEM programs, offering degrees in fields like Computer Science, Engineering, Biology, and Mathematics.

Some of the most popular STEM degrees to study abroad include:

• Computer Science
• Engineering (Electrical, Mechanical, Civil, etc.)
• Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (AI)
• Biotechnology
• Mathematics and Statistics

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, jobs in STEM fields are projected to grow 8% from 2019 to 2029, much faster than the average for other occupations. This shows that pursuing a STEM degree abroad can lead to excellent job prospects.

The curriculum for STEM courses is designed to give students both theoretical and practical knowledge in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. These subjects are essential in today’s rapidly advancing world, where technology and innovation are driving progress in every industry. Whether you’re studying computer science or engineering, the aim is to develop critical thinking, problem-solving, and analytical skills that will help you tackle real-world challenges.

Each STEM course is structured to ensure that students are prepared for a career in their field. The subjects you’ll study vary depending on your chosen major, but they often include a mix of core courses, electives, and lab work. 

Here's a breakdown of what you can expect in each area:

1. Science Courses

Science courses in STEM focus on understanding how the natural world works. You'll study topics like biology, chemistry, and physics to gain a deep understanding of natural phenomena. Courses like genetics, organic chemistry, and environmental science are often part of a science-based curriculum. 

For example, biology involves studying living organisms, while chemistry deals with how substances interact and change.

• Biology: Learn about living organisms and ecosystems.
• Chemistry: Study the properties of substances and their reactions.
• Physics: Understand matter, energy, and the fundamental forces of nature.
• Environmental Science: Focus on sustainability and understanding the environment.

According to the National Science Foundation (NSF), science-related jobs in the U.S. are projected to grow by 9% from 2020 to 2030, faster than most other sectors.

2. Technology Courses

Technology in STEM is all about using knowledge to create tools, systems, and innovations that improve lives. These courses cover topics like software development, cybersecurity, and data science. Students learn how to solve problems using technology and how to keep systems running smoothly. 

Computer science is one of the most popular areas in technology, with courses focused on programming, algorithms, and system design.

• Computer Science: Learn to write code and build software applications.
• Data Science: Study how to gather, analyze, and interpret data to make informed decisions.
• Cybersecurity: Understand how to protect systems and networks from digital threats.
• Artificial Intelligence (AI): Develop systems that mimic human intelligence.

3. Engineering Courses

Engineering is at the heart of many innovations we see in the world today. Engineering students are taught how to design and create solutions to real-world problems. You’ll study areas such as mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, and biomedical engineering. 

Engineers build everything from bridges to smartphones, and their work affects all aspects of life.

• Mechanical Engineering: Design and build machines and systems.
• Electrical Engineering: Focus on electrical systems and power generation.
• Civil Engineering: Works on the construction of infrastructure like roads and bridges.
• Biomedical Engineering: Apply engineering principles to healthcare technologies.

In the U.S., civil engineering employment is projected to grow by 6% from 2023 to 2033, faster than the average for all occupations.

4. Mathematics Courses

Mathematics is fundamental to solving problems in all areas of STEM. Whether it's analyzing data, calculating risk, or designing algorithms, math is used across the board. Students will dive deep into courses that cover everything from calculus to linear algebra and statistics.

• Calculus: Study rates of change and accumulation.
• Statistics: Learn how to collect and interpret data.
• Linear Algebra: Understand systems of linear equations and matrix theory.
• Applied Mathematics: Use math to solve practical problems in engineering and economics.

Mathematics and statistics are increasingly important in a data-driven world, with demand for data analysts and mathematicians growing significantly.

The demand for STEM graduates is clear, and the skills you’ll learn in these programs will not only open doors to diverse career opportunities but also make a difference in today’s society.

According to the QS World University Rankings 2025, universities like MIT, Stanford, and Imperial College London not only offer top-tier education but also have some of the best post-graduation job placement records in the STEM field. This ensures that studying at these universities opens the door to incredible career opportunities.

For instance, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), ranked number 1 globally in the QS World University Rankings 2025, is renowned for its research facilities and innovation in technology. Similarly, Stanford University (ranked 2nd) in California is considered a hub for tech giants and entrepreneurs. 

In Europe, the University of Oxford consistently ranks among the top institutions for STEM courses. The University of Toronto is Canada’s pride, offering highly regarded programs in engineering and technology.

To be eligible for a STEM degree abroad, first, most universities require you to have completed high school (or its equivalent) with strong grades, especially in subjects related to STEM. A solid understanding of mathematics and science is crucial, as these are the core of most STEM degrees. 

For postgraduate courses, a bachelor's degree in a related field is typically necessary.

Additionally, language proficiency tests like IELTS or TOEFL are common requirements for non-native English speakers. Most universities also expect standardized test scores like the SAT or ACT for undergraduate programs and GRE or GMAT for graduate-level courses.

Key requirements generally include:

• Academic Qualifications: High school diploma for undergraduate STEM degrees or a bachelor's degree for postgraduate programs.
• Standardized Test Scores: SAT/ACT for undergraduates, GRE/GMAT for postgraduates, depending on the program.
• Language Proficiency: IELTS, TOEFL, or other language tests depending on the country.
• Transcripts & References: Academic transcripts from previous institutions and letters of recommendation from teachers or professors.
• Statement of Purpose (SOP): A personal statement explaining why you want to study that specific STEM program and how it aligns with your career goals
• Proof of Funds: To show you can support your studies and living expenses while abroad.

When it comes to pursuing a STEM degree abroad, each field has its own academic requirements. These requirements are based on the specific discipline you are aiming to study, and they ensure that you have the right foundation to succeed in these demanding courses.

Let's break it down field by field to give you a clearer picture:

For Science

To pursue a STEM degree in science, you typically need:

• High school diploma with a focus on science subjects: A strong background in subjects like Biology, Chemistry, Physics, and Mathematics is crucial.
• Bachelor’s degree requirements: For postgraduate programs, you’ll generally need a Bachelor’s degree in a related science field, such as Biology, Chemistry, Physics, or Environmental Science.
• GPA: A competitive GPA, typically around 3.0 to 3.5, depending on the university and program.
• Entrance exams: Some universities may require standardized test scores such as GRE or GMAT, especially for master’s and doctoral programs.

For Technology

For a technology-focused STEM degree, such as computer science or IT, the requirements usually include:

• High school diploma: A focus on mathematics, physics, and computer science (if available) is beneficial.
• Bachelor’s degree: A degree in Computer Science, Information Technology, Software Engineering, or a similar field is generally required for master’s programs.
• GPA: Competitive programs may expect a GPA of 3.0 to 3.5 or higher.
• Additional certifications: For technology fields, certifications in programming languages, data science, AI, or cybersecurity may also be required or highly valued.
• Entrance exams: Some universities might require GRE scores or subject-specific tests.

For Engineering

Engineering is one of the most popular STEM fields, and the academic requirements to pursue it are as follows:

• High school diploma: Focus on Physics, Mathematics, and Chemistry. Engineering programs rely heavily on these subjects.
• Bachelor’s degree: A bachelor's degree in a relevant engineering discipline like Electrical, Civil, Mechanical, or Chemical Engineering.
• GPA: A GPA of 3.0 to 3.5 is often required for entry into most postgraduate engineering programs.
• Entrance exams: Some universities may require GRE scores for graduate programs. Additionally, for students applying from outside the U.S., universities may ask for IELTS or TOEFL scores as proof of English language proficiency.

For Mathematics

For a degree in Mathematics, you will need:

• High school diploma: A strong foundation in Mathematics is essential. Focus on subjects such as Algebra, Calculus, and Geometry during your high school years.
• Bachelor’s degree: A Bachelor’s degree in Mathematics or a related field such as Applied Mathematics, Statistics, or Computer Science.
• GPA: A GPA of 3.0 or higher is often required for graduate programs.
• Entrance exams: Some universities might require GRE scores for admission to master’s or doctoral programs in Mathematics.

These academic requirements can vary based on the university and the specific STEM program you are applying to, so make sure to check the individual program's eligibility criteria for more precise details.

Studying for a STEM degree abroad can be a great investment in your future, but it’s important to consider the cost. The fees can vary greatly depending on the country, university, and level of study. 

STEM Bachelor's programs tend to be less expensive in countries like Germany, where many public universities offer lower or no tuition fees for international students. 

Here’s an overview of the average costs for Bachelor’s, Master’s, and Doctoral STEM degrees at universities abroad. Master’s programs are generally more expensive, with countries like the USA and the UK having higher tuition fees compared to Canada or European countries.

Note: Keep in mind that the cost of living, books, and materials are additional expenses that should be factored into your budget when planning to study abroad. Always research specific universities to get an accurate estimate of total expenses.

Some of the top scholarships for STEM courses cover everything from tuition fees to travel expenses, making education more accessible for international students. These scholarships are offered by governments, universities, and other organizations with the aim to support future leaders in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.

Some of the top scholarships for STEM students include the Fulbright Foreign Student Program, DAAD Scholarships, Rhodes Scholarship, and Chevening Scholarships. Each offers generous support to help students pursue their academic and professional goals in top universities around the world.

If you're aiming for the highest salary after your STEM degree, software development leads the way, with an average salary of $120,000 (INR 88 lakhs) per year. Data scientists are also in high demand, with salaries around $96,000 (INR 70 lakhs) annually, and their job market is growing rapidly as data-driven decision-making becomes more integral to industries like healthcare and finance. 

Civil and mechanical engineers offer solid salary options as well, with an average salary of $88,000 (INR 64 lakhs) and $85,000 (INR 62 lakhs), respectively. However, engineering roles, especially in fields like electrical and chemical engineering, may experience slightly slower growth compared to software or data-related jobs.

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the demand for STEM graduates continues to grow, with certain fields seeing significant growth in job openings. For instance, jobs in software development, engineering, and data science are expected to grow by up to 22% between 2019 and 2029, much faster than the average for all other occupations.

Take a look at the average salaries for various STEM job roles in 2024:

Choosing between STEM and non-STEM courses largely depends on your interests, strengths, and long-term career goals. Both pathways have their own unique benefits, and the right choice depends on your passion and what type of work you see yourself doing.

STEM courses are generally more focused on technical skills, problem-solving, and innovation. They are perfect for those who enjoy working with numbers, technology, and research. 

On the other hand, non-STEM courses cover a broader range of subjects, such as arts, humanities, social sciences, and business. While these courses may not have the same salary potential as STEM degrees, they offer unique career paths in fields such as teaching, writing, psychology, and law.

The demand for STEM graduates is rapidly increasing around the world, especially as industries are becoming more technologically advanced and data-driven. 

Here are some key insights into the scope of STEM courses abroad:

• High job demand: Many countries, including the US, Canada, and Germany, have a growing need for STEM professionals, with many jobs in tech, engineering, and data science.
• Lucrative career prospects: STEM graduates often enjoy higher salaries compared to their Non-STEM counterparts. Jobs in AI, software engineering, and biotechnology can lead to six-figure salaries.
• Global opportunities: With technology constantly advancing, STEM graduates are in demand across the globe. Many countries actively recruit skilled professionals in STEM fields.
• Research and innovation: STEM fields offer students the opportunity to contribute to groundbreaking research, especially in fields like biotechnology, artificial intelligence, and renewable energy.
• Path to permanent residency: In several countries, STEM graduates have pathways to apply for work visas and permanent residency after completing their studies.

Studying STEM abroad opens doors to both immediate job opportunities and long-term career growth. Whether it’s software development, biotechnology, or engineering, the possibilities are endless.

A STEM education will open gateways for you if you’re someone interested in subjects like science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. It is not only the future; STEM is the present dictating the future - with its presence in every field now, following the technological evolution and expansion! Moreover, STEM graduates are offered some of the highest-paying jobs in the world, with a great ROI. 

Regardless of your gender, STEM has now become a lot more inclusive - crediting your merits before anything else. With supportive hiring and career programs, organisations are creating a level playing field for all in STEM.

An industry that is creating the present, dictating the future, becoming inclusive of differences, and crediting merit, STEM has to be the leading career path for international students across the globe.

With Yocket Premium, we always recommend that you take the time to assess your interests, research your options, and make an informed choice. Whether you’re interested in exploring a STEM degree abroad or pursuing a non-STEM path, we are here to guide you through the process. Remember, every course has its own value and potential, and the key is to find the one that resonates with your personal aspirations.